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Thermodynamics; Basic Terms Of Thermodynamics | System, Surrounding, Open, Closed, Isolated Systems
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Thermodynamics
The area of Physics/Chemistry concerned with the relationships between heat and work is thermodynamics
=) Simply the study of the motion of heat.
Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering, especially physical chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering and mechanical engineering, but also in other complex fields such as meteorology.
The universe is divided into two parts, the system and its surroundings.
System is the part of the world in which we have a special interest. It may be a reaction vessel, an engine, an electrochemical cell, a biological cell, and so on.
Surroundings comprise the region outside the system and are where we make our measurements.
The real or imaginary surface separating the system from the surroundings is called the boundary.
Open System: A system is said to be an open system if it can exchange both matter and energy with the surroundings. For example, if some water is kept in an open Vessel exchange of both matter and energy takes place between the system and surroundings.
Closed System: If a system can exchange only energy with the surroundings but not the matter, it is called a closed system. For example, if some water is placed in a closed metallic vessel (Fig.) then as the vessel is closed, no exchange of mater between the system and surroundings can take place. But, as the vessel has conducting walls, an exchange of energy can take place between the system and surroundings. Heat can flow in and out of the vessel.
Isolated System: If a system can exchange neither matter nor energy with the surroundings, it is called an isolated system. For example, if water is placed in a vessel which is closed as well as insulated, no exchange of matter or energy is possible between the system and the surroundings. This constitutes an isolated system.
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